Idealized, isotropic teaching model for the sintering route only: one uniform linear factor, green = fired ÷ (1 − s). Real workflows calibrate direction-specific factors per material, formulation, and furnace, verify them on fired test specimens, and treat tight interfaces as candidates for post-fire grinding. Shrinkage values shown span ranges commonly reported in the ceramic-AM literature; your material’s factor is measured, not assumed. Not a process-control or tolerancing tool.