Set a target temperature and race the three cooling philosophies: LN₂ (to −190 °C, ≤≈40 °C·min⁻¹), TEC (to −25 °C, ≤30 °C·min⁻¹), and no active cooling.
−100 °C
Model: controller-limited linear ramp with Newton-type exponential approach near each technology's floor (LN₂ floor −190 °C, TEC floor −25 °C, natural cooling stays at ambient). Rates are family-level rated maxima; curves are schematic teaching aids, not guaranteed performance of any specific model.