How much of the applied pressure reaches the far end of the pellet?

An idealized model of pressure transmission in a die. Friction against the wall carries part of the load, so in the model the pressure falls with distance from the moving punch. Set the shape and the two coefficients, and compare pressing from one end with pressing from both.

Model: pressure at depth z = applied pressure × exp(−4μKz/D), with μ and K held constant. In real powders both change with pressure and density, and density is not proportional to pressure. The output is a relative pressure under these assumptions. It is not a measured density and does not predict cracking, warping or whether a pressing route will work.